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M
* PIC16CR54C Device Pins
PIC16CR54C
Pin Diagrams
PDIP and SOIC
RA2 RA3 T0CKI MCLRVPP VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 RA1 RA0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4
ROM-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller Series
Devices Included in this Data Sheet:
High-Performance RISC CPU:
* Only 33 single word instructions to learn * All instructions are single cycle (200 ns) except for program branches which are two-cycle * Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle I/O ROM RAM
PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C 18 12 512 25 * 12-bit wide instructions * 8-bit wide data path * Seven or eight special function hardware registers * Two-level deep hardware stack * Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for data and instructions
SSOP
RA2 RA3 T0CKI MCLRVPP VSS VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 RA1 RA0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4
Peripheral Features:
* 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit programmable prescaler * Power-On Reset (POR) * Device Reset Timer (DRT) * Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation * Programmable code-protection * Power saving SLEEP mode * Selectable oscillator options: - RC: Low-cost RC oscillator - XT: Standard crystal/resonator - HS: High-speed crystal/resonator - LP: Power saving, low-frequency crystal
PIC16CR54C
CMOS Technology:
* Low-power, high-speed CMOS ROM technology * Fully static design * Wide-operating voltage and temperature range: - ROM Commercial/Industrial 3.0V to 5.5V * Low-power consumption - < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz - 15 A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz - < 0.6 A typical standby current (with WDT disabled) @ 3V, 0C to 70C
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 1
PIC16CR54C
Device Differences
Device PIC16C52 PIC16C54 PIC16C54A PIC16C54B Voltage Range 3.0-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.0-6.25 3.0-5.5 Oscillator Selection (Program) User Factory User User Oscillator See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 Process Technology (Microns) 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 ROM Equivalent -- PIC16CR54A -- PIC16CR54B or PIC16CR54C -- -- -- PIC16CR56A -- PIC16CR57C NA PIC16CR58A PIC16CR58B NA NA NA NA NA NA NA MCLR Filter No No No Yes
PIC16C55 PIC16C55A PIC16C56 PIC16C56A PIC16C57 PIC16C57C PIC16CR57C PIC16C58A PIC16C58B PIC16CR54A PIC16CR54B PIC16CR54C PIC16CR56A PIC16CR57B PIC16CR58A PIC16CR58B
2.5-6.25 3.0-5.5 2.5-6.25 3.0-5.5 2.5-6.25 3.0-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.0-6.25 3.0-5.5 2.5-6.25 2.5-5.5 3.0-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.5-5.5
Factory User Factory User Factory User Factory User User Factory Factory Factory Factory Factory Factory Factory
See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1
1.7 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7
No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No(2) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Note 1: If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. Note 2: In PIC16LV58A, MCLR Filter = Yes
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(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
Table of Contents 1.0 General Description............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.0 PIC16C5X Device Varieties................................................................................................................................. 7 3.0 Architectural Overview......................................................................................................................................... 9 4.0 Memory Organization ........................................................................................................................................ 13 5.0 I/O Ports ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 6.0 Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register .................................................................................................................. 21 7.0 Special Features of the CPU ............................................................................................................................. 25 8.0 Instruction Set Summary ................................................................................................................................... 37 9.0 Development Support........................................................................................................................................ 49 10.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16CR54C .......................................................................................................... 53 11.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16CR54C....................................................................................................... 63 12.0 Packaging Information....................................................................................................................................... 73 Appendix A: Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................. 77 Index ............................................................................................................................................................................ 79 On-Line Support............................................................................................................................................................ 81 Reader Response ......................................................................................................................................................... 82 PIC16CR54C Product Identification System................................................................................................................. 83
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Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
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Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 Applications
The PIC16C5X from Microchip Technology is a family of low-cost, high performance, 8-bit, fully static, EPROM/ ROM-based CMOS microcontrollers. It employs a RISC architecture with only 33 single word/single cycle instructions. All instructions are single cycle (200 ns) except for program branches which take two cycles. The PIC16C5X delivers performance an order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are highly symmetrical resulting in 2:1 code compression over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easy to use and easy to remember instruction set reduces development time significantly. The PIC16C5X products are equipped with special features that reduce system cost and power requirements. The Power-On Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer (DRT) eliminate the need for external reset circuitry. There are four oscillator configurations to choose from, including the power-saving LP (Low Power) oscillator and cost saving RC oscillator. Power saving SLEEP mode, Watchdog Timer and code protection features improve system cost, power and reliability. The UV erasable CERDIP packaged versions are ideal for code development, while the cost-effective One Time Programmable (OTP) versions are suitable for production in any volume. The customer can take full advantage of Microchip's price leadership in OTP microcontrollers while benefiting from the OTP's flexibility. The PIC16C5X products are supported by a full-featured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit emulator, a `C' compiler, fuzzy logic support tools, a low-cost development programmer, and a full featured programmer. All the tools are supported on IBM(R) PC and compatible machines. The PIC16C5X series fits perfectly in applications ranging from high-speed automotive and appliance motor control to low-power remote transmitters/receivers, pointing devices and telecom processors. The EPROM technology makes customizing application programs (transmitter codes, motor speeds, receiver frequencies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint packages, for through hole or surface mounting, make this microcontroller series perfect for applications with space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the PIC16C5X series very versatile even in areas where no microcontroller use has been considered before (e.g., timer functions, replacement of "glue" logic in larger systems, coprocessor applications).
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 5
PIC16CR54C
TABLE 1-1: PIC16C5X FAMILY OF DEVICES
PIC16C52 Clock Maximum Frequency of Operation (MHz) EPROM Program Memory (x12 words) Memory ROM Program Memory (x12 words) RAM Data Memory (bytes) Peripherals Timer Module(s) I/O Pins Number of Instructions Features Packages 4 384 -- 25 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC PIC16C54s 20 512 -- 25 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP PIC16CR54s 20 -- 512 25 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP PIC16C55s 20 512 -- 24 TMR0 20 33 28-pin DIP, SOIC; 28-pin SSOP PIC16C56s 20 1K -- 25 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
All PICmicroTM Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer (except PIC16C52), selectable code protect and high I/O current capability.
PIC16CR56s Clock Maximum Frequency of Operation (MHz) EPROM Program Memory (x12 words) Memory ROM Program Memory (x12 words) RAM Data Memory (bytes) Peripherals Timer Module(s) I/O Pins Number of Instructions Features Packages 20 -- 1K 25 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
PIC16C57s 20 2K -- 72 TMR0 20 33 28-pin DIP, SOIC; 28-pin SSOP
PIC16CR57s 20 -- 2K 72 TMR0 20 33 28-pin DIP, SOIC; 28-pin SSOP
PIC16C58s 20 2K -- 73 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
PIC16CR58s 20 -- 2K 73 TMR0 12 33 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
All PICmicroTM Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer (except PIC16C52), selectable code protect and high I/O current capability.
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Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
2.0 PIC16C5X DEVICE VARIETIES
2.3
A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options are available. Depending on application and production requirements, the proper device option can be selected using the information in this section. When placing orders, please use the PIC16CR54C Product Identification System at the back of this data sheet to specify the correct part number. For the PIC16C5X family of devices, there are four device types, as indicated in the device number: 1. C, as in PIC16C54. These devices have EPROM program memory and operate over the standard voltage range. LC, as in PIC16LC54A. These devices have EPROM program memory and operate over an extended voltage range. LV, as in PIC16LV54A. These devices have EPROM program memory and operate over a 2.0V to 3.8V range. CR, as in PIC16CR54A. These devices have ROM program memory and operate over the standard voltage range. LCR, as in PIC16LCR54B. These devices have ROM program memory and operate over an extended voltage range.
Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices
Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for factory production orders. This service is made available for users who choose not to program a medium to high quantity of units and whose code patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but with all EPROM locations and configuration bit options already programmed by the factory. Certain code and prototype verification procedures apply before production shipments are available. Please contact your Microchip Technology sales office for more details.
2.
2.4
Serialized Quick-Turnaround-Production (SQTP SM) Devices
3.
4.
5.
Microchip offers the unique programming service where a few user-defined locations in each device are programmed with different serial numbers. The serial numbers may be random, pseudo-random or sequential. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but with all EPROM locations and configuration bit options already programmed by the factory. Serial programming allows each device to have a unique number which can serve as an entry code, password or ID number.
2.1
UV Erasable Devices (EPROM)
The UV erasable versions, offered in CERDIP packages, are optimal for prototype development and pilot programs UV erasable devices can be programmed for any of the four oscillator configurations. Microchip's PICSTART(R) and PRO MATE(R) programmers both support programming of the PIC16CR54C. Third party programmers also are available; refer to the Third Party Guide for a list of sources.
2.5
Read Only Memory (ROM) Devices
Microchip offers masked ROM versions of several of the highest volume parts, giving the customer a low cost option for high volume, mature products.
2.2
One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices
The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for customers expecting frequent code changes and updates. The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, permit the user to program them once. In addition to the program memory, the configuration bits must be programmed.
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Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
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Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
The high performance of the PIC16CR54C can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16CR54C uses a Harvard architecture in which program and data are accessed on separate buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture where program and data are fetched on the same bus. Separating program and data memory further allows instructions to be sized differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 12-bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 12-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 12-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions (33) execute in a single cycle (200ns @ 20MHz) except for program branches. The PIC16CR54C address 512 x 12 of program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC16CR54C can directly or indirectly address its register files and data memory. All special function registers including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16CR54C has a highly orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of `special optimal situations' make programming with the PIC16CR54C simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. The PIC16CR54C device contains an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the W (working) register. The other operand is either a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBWF and ADDWF instructions for examples. A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-1.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 3-1: PIC16CR54C SERIES BLOCK DIAGRAM
9-11 ROM 512 X 12 12 INSTRUCTION REGISTER 9 12 8 INSTRUCTION DECODER DIRECT ADDRESS DIRECT RAM ADDRESS 6 OPTION REG. FROM W 5 8 LITERALS STATUS TMR0 DATA BUS ALU FROM W 4 "TRIS 5" TRISA PORTA 4 RA3:RA0 4 "TRIS 6" 8 FROM W 8 TRISB 8 PORTB FSR 8 W "OPTION" GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE (SRAM) 25 Bytes WDT TIME OUT WDT/TMR0 PRESCALER CLKOUT 9-11 PC WATCHDOG TIMER "CODE PROTECT" STACK 1 STACK 2 T0CKI PIN OSC1 OSC2 MCLR
CONFIGURATION WORD "DISABLE"
"OSC SELECT" 2 OSCILLATOR/ TIMING & CONTROL
"SLEEP"
8 RB7:RB0
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(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
TABLE 3-1:
Name RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 T0CKI MCLR/VPP OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT
PINOUT DESCRIPTION - PIC16CR54C
DIP, SOIC SSOP I/O/P Input No. No. Type Levels 17 18 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 4 16 15 19 20 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 18 17 I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I I I O TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL ST ST ST(1) -- Bi-directional I/O port Description
Bi-directional I/O port
VDD 14 15,16 P -- 5 5,6 P -- VSS Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power, -- = Not Used, TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input Note 1: Schmitt Trigger input only when in RC mode.
Clock input to Timer0. Must be tied to VSS or VDD, if not in use, to reduce current consumption. Master clear (reset) input/verify voltage input. This pin is an active low reset to the device. Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input. Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes the instruction cycle rate. Positive supply for logic and I/O pins. Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 11
PIC16CR54C
3.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle 3.2 Instruction Flow/Pipelining
The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter is incremented every Q1, and the instruction is fetched from program memory and latched into instruction register in Q4. It is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow is shown in Figure 3-2 and Example 3-1. An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle while decode and execute takes another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO) then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 3-1). A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write).
FIGURE 3-2:
CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q1 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC
PC PC+1 PC+2 Internal phase clock
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode)
Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC-1)
Fetch INST (PC+1) Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC+2) Execute INST (PC+1)
EXAMPLE 3-1:
1. MOVLW 55H 2. MOVWF PORTB 3. CALL 4. BSF SUB_1
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
Fetch 1 Execute 1 Fetch 2 Execute 2 Fetch 3 Execute 3 Fetch 4 Flush Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
PORTA, BIT3
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is "flushed" from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
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PIC16CR54C
4.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
4.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE PIC16CR54C memory is organized into program memory and data memory. For devices with more than 512 bytes of program memory, a paging scheme is used. Program memory pages are accessed using one or two STATUS register bits. For devices with a data memory register file of more than 32 registers, a banking scheme is used. Data memory banks are accessed using the File Selection Register (FSR). The register file is accessed either directly or indirectly through the file select register FSR (Section 4.7).
FIGURE 4-2:
PIC16CR54C REGISTER FILE MAP
File Address 00h 01h 02h INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB
4.1
Program Memory Organization
The PIC16CR54C has a 9-bit Program Counter (PC) capable of addressing a 512 x 12 program memory space (Figure 4-1). Accessing a location above the physically implemented address will cause a wraparound. The reset vector for the PIC16CR54C is at 1FFh. A NOP at the reset vector location will cause a restart at location 000h.
03h 04h 05h 06h 07h
FIGURE 4-1:
PIC16CR54C PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK
PC<8:0> 9 Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2
000h Note 1:
0Fh 10h
General Purpose Registers
CALL, RETLW
1Fh
Not a physical register. See Section 4.7
User Memory Space
On-chip Program Memory
0FFh 100h
4.2.2
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
Reset Vector
1FFh
The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral functions to control the operation of the device (Table 4-1). The special registers can be classified into two sets. The special function registers associated with the "core" functions are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section for each peripheral feature.
4.2
Data Memory Organization
Data memory is composed of registers, or bytes of RAM. Therefore, data memory for a device is specified by its register file. The register file is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose registers. The special function registers include the TMR0 register, the Program Counter (PC), the Status Register, the I/O registers (ports), and the File Select Register (FSR). In addition, special purpose registers are used to control the I/O port configuration and prescaler options. The general purpose registers are used for data and control information under command of the instructions. For the PIC16CR54C, the register file is composed of 7 special function registers and 25 general purpose registers (Figure 4-2).
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
TABLE 4-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY
Value on Power-On Reset 1111 1111 --11 1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 1xxx xxxx RA3 RB3 RA2 RB2 RA1 RB1 RA0 RB0 ---- xxxx xxxx xxxx Value on MCLR and WDT Reset 1111 1111 --11 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 000q quuu 1uuu uuuu ---- uuuu uuuu uuuu
Address N/A N/A 00h 01h 02h(1) 03h 04h 05h 06h
Name TRIS OPTION INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) Contains control bits to configure Timer0 and Timer0/WDT prescaler Uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 8-bit real-time clock/counter Low order 8 bits of PC PA2 PA1 PA0
Indirect data memory address pointer -- RB7 -- RB6 -- RB5 -- RB4
Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented or unused, - = unimplemented, read as '0' (if applicable) x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = see the tables in Section 7.7 for possible values. Note 1: The upper byte of the Program Counter is not directly accessible. See Section 4.5 for an explanation of how to access these bits.
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PIC16CR54C
4.3 STATUS Register
This register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status, and the page preselect bits for program memories larger than 512 words. The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF and MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS register because these instructions do not affect the Z, DC or C bits from the STATUS register. For other instructions, which do affect STATUS bits, see Section 8.0, Instruction Set Summary.
FIGURE 4-3:
R/W-0 PA2 bit7 bit 7:
STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS:03h)
R/W-0 PA0 5 R-1 TO 4 R-1 PD 3 R/W-x Z 2 R/W-x DC 1 R/W-x C bit0
R/W-0 PA1 6
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit - n = Value at POR reset
PA2: This bit unused at this time. Use of the PA2 bit as a general purpose read/write bit is not recommended, since this may affect upward compatibility with future products. Not Applicable TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF and SUBWF instructions) ADDWF 1 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred 0 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur SUBWF 1 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur 0 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred C: Carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF, SUBWF and RRF, RLF instructions) ADDWF SUBWF 1 = A carry occurred 1 = A borrow did not occur 0 = A carry did not occur 0 = A borrow occurred RRF or RLF Load bit with LSb or MSb, respectively
bit 6-5: bit 4:
bit 3:
bit 2:
bit 1:
bit 0:
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
4.4 OPTION Register
The OPTION register is a 6-bit wide, write-only register which contains various control bits to configure the Timer0/WDT prescaler and Timer0. By executing the OPTION instruction, the contents of the W register will be transferred to the OPTION register. A RESET sets the OPTION<5:0> bits.
FIGURE 4-4:
U-0 -- bit7 bit 7-6: bit 5:
OPTION REGISTER
U-0 -- 6 W-1 T0CS 5 W-1 T0SE 4 W-1 PSA 3 W-1 PS2 2 W-1 PS1 1 W-1 PS0 bit0 W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit - n = Value at POR reset
Unimplemented. T0CS: Timer0 clock source select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) T0SE: Timer0 source edge select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler assignment bit 1 = Prescaler assigned to the WDT (not implemented on PIC16C52) 0 = Prescaler assigned to Timer0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler rate select bits Bit Value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Timer0 Rate 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 WDT Rate (not implemented on PIC16C52) 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 4:
bit 3:
bit 2-0:
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PIC16CR54C
4.5 Program Counter FIGURE 4-5:
As a program instruction is executed, the Program Counter (PC) will contain the address of the next program instruction to be executed. The PC value is increased by one every instruction cycle, unless an instruction changes the PC. For a GOTO instruction, bits 8:0 of the PC are provided by the GOTO instruction word. The PC Latch (PCL) is mapped to PC<7:0> (Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6). For a CALL instruction, or any instruction where the PCL is the destination, bits 7:0 of the PC again are provided by the instruction word. However, PC<8> does not come from the instruction word, but is always cleared (Figure 4-10 and Figure 4-11)/ Instructions where the PCL is the destination, or Modify PCL instructions, include MOVWF PC, ADDWF PC, and BSF PC, 5. . Note: Because PC<8> is cleared in the CALL instruction, or any Modify PCL instruction, all subroutine calls or computed jumps are limited to the first 256 locations of any program memory page (512 words long). 4.5.1
LOADING OF PC BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS PIC16CR54C
GOTO Instruction
8 PC 7 PCL 0
Instruction Word
CALL or Modify PCL Instruction
8 PC 7 PCL 0
Reset to '0'
Instruction Word
EFFECTS OF RESET
The Program Counter is set upon a RESET, which means that the PC addresses the last location in the last page i.e., the reset vector. The STATUS register page preselect bits are cleared upon a RESET, which means that page 0 is pre-selected. Therefore, upon a RESET, a GOTO instruction at the reset vector location will automatically cause the program to jump to page 0.
4.6
Stack
PIC16CR54C device has a 9-bit, two-level hardware push/pop stack (Figure 4-1). A CALL instruction will push the current value of stack 1 into stack 2 and then push the current program counter value, incremented by one, into stack level 1. If more than two sequential CALL are executed, only 's the most recent two return addresses are stored. A RETLW instruction will pop the contents of stack level 1 into the program counter and then copy stack level 2 contents into level 1. If more than two sequential RETLW's are executed, the stack will be filled with the address previously stored in level 2. Note that the W register will be loaded with the literal value specified in the instruction. This is particularly useful for the implementation of data look-up tables within the program memory.
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Preliminary
DS40191A-page 17
PIC16CR54C
4.7 Indirect Data Addressing; INDF and FSR Registers EXAMPLE 4-2: HOW TO CLEAR RAM USING INDIRECT ADDRESSING
0x10 FSR INDF FSR,F FSR,4 NEXT ;initialize pointer ; to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;NO, clear next ;YES, continue
The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing INDF actually addresses the register whose address is contained in the FSR register (FSR is a pointer). This is indirect addressing.
NEXT
EXAMPLE 4-1:
* * * *
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
movlw movwf clrf incf btfsc goto :
Register file 05 contains the value 10h Register file 06 contains the value 0Ah Load the value 05 into the FSR register A read of the INDF register will return the value of 10h * Increment the value of the FSR register by one (FSR = 06) * A read of the INDR register now will return the value of 0Ah.
CONTINUE
The FSR is a 5-bit ( PIC16CR54C) wide register. It is used in conjunction with the INDF register to indirectly address the data memory area. The FSR<4:0> bits are used to select data memory addresses 00h to 1Fh. PIC16CR54C: Do not use banking. FSR<6:5> are unimplemented and read as '1's.
Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). A simple program to clear RAM locations 10h-1Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-2.
FIGURE 4-6:
DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing (FSR) 65 4 (opcode) 0 6 Indirect Addressing 5 4 (FSR) 0
bank select
location select 00 00h
bank
location select
Data Memory(1)
0Fh 10h
1Fh Bank 0
Note 1: For register map detail see Section 4.2.
DS40191A-page 18
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
5.0 I/O PORTS
As with any other register, the I/O registers can be written and read under program control. However, read instructions (e.g., MOVF PORTB,W) always read the I/O pins independent of the pin's input/output modes. On RESET, all I/O ports are defined as input (inputs are at hi-impedance) since the I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB, TRISC) are all set. outputs are latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. To use a port pin as output, the corresponding direction control bit (in TRISA, TRISB) must be cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin can be programmed individually as input or output.
FIGURE 5-1:
Data Bus D WR Port
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE I/O PIN
Q Data Latch VDD Q P
5.1
PORTA
PORTA is a 4-bit I/O register. Only the low order 4 bits are used (RA3:RA0). Bits 7-4 are unimplemented and read as '0's.
CK
5.2
PORTB
W Reg N D TRIS Latch TRIS `f' CK Q Q VSS I/O pin(1)
PORTB is an 8-bit I/O register (PORTB<7:0>).
5.3
TRIS Registers
The output driver control registers are loaded with the contents of the W register by executing the TRIS f instruction. A '1' from a TRIS register bit puts the corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode. A '0' puts the contents of the output data latch on the selected pins, enabling the output buffer. Note: A read of the ports reads the pins, not the output data latches. That is, if an output driver on a pin is enabled and driven high, but the external system is holding it low, a read of the port will indicate that the pin is low.
Reset
RD Port Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
The TRIS registers are "write-only" and are set (output drivers disabled) upon RESET.
5.4
I/O Interfacing
The equivalent circuit for an I/O port pin is shown in Figure 5-1. All ports may be used for both input and output operation. For input operations these ports are non-latching. Any input must be present until read by an input instruction (e.g., MOVF PORTB, W). The
TABLE 5-1:
SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS
Value on Power-On Reset 1111 1111 RA3 RB3 RA2 RB2 RA1 RB1 RA0 RB0 ---- xxxx xxxx xxxx Value on MCLR and WDT Reset 1111 1111 ---- uuuu uuuu uuuu
Address N/A 05h 06h
Name TRIS PORTA PORTB
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) -- RB7 -- RB6 -- RB5 -- RB4
Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented, read as `0', - = unimplemented, read as '0', x = unknown, u = unchanged
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 19
PIC16CR54C
5.5
5.5.1
I/O Programming Considerations
BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
EXAMPLE 5-1:
READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS ON AN I/O PORT
Some instructions operate internally as read followed by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute the bit operation and re-write the result. Caution must be used when these instructions are applied to a port where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For example, a BSF operation on bit5 of PORTB will cause all eight bits of PORTB to be read into the CPU, bit5 to be set and the PORTB value to be written to the output latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a bi-directional I/O pin (say bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the input signal present on the pin itself would be read into the CPU and rewritten to the data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched into output mode later on, the content of the data latch may now be unknown. Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential read-modify-write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.) on an I/O port. A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be driven from external devices at the same time in order to change the level on this pin ("wired-or", "wired-and"). The resulting high output currents may damage the chip.
;Initial PORT Settings ; PORTB<7:4> Inputs ; PORTB<3:0> Outputs ;PORTB<7:6> have external pull-ups and are ;not connected to other circuitry ; ; PORT latch PORT pins ; ---------- ---------BCF PORTB, 7 ;01pp pppp 11pp pppp BCF PORTB, 6 ;10pp pppp 11pp pppp MOVLW 03Fh ; TRIS PORTB ;10pp pppp 10pp pppp ; ;Note that the user may have expected the pin ;values to be 00pp pppp. The 2nd BCF caused ;RB7 to be latched as the pin value (High).
5.5.2
SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 5-2). Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed by a read operation is carried out on the same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent) before the next instruction, which causes that file to be read into the CPU, is executed. Otherwise, the previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to separate these instructions with a NOP or another instruction not accessing this I/O port.
FIGURE 5-2:
SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC PC + 1 MOVF PORTB,W PC + 2 NOP PC + 3 NOP
Instruction fetched RB7:RB0
MOVWF PORTB
This example shows a write to PORTB followed by a read from PORTB.
Port pin written here Port pin sampled here MOVF PORTB,W (Read PORTB) NOP
Instruction executed
MOVWF PORTB (Write to PORTB)
DS40191A-page 20
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
6.0 TIMER0 MODULE AND TMR0 REGISTER
Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In this mode, Timer0 will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the source edge select bit T0SE (OPTION<4>). Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed in detail in Section 6.1. The prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the Watchdog Timer, but not both. The prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is not readable or writable. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4,..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.2 details the operation of the prescaler. A summary of registers associated with the Timer0 module is found in Table 6-1.
The Timer0 module has the following features: * 8-bit timer/counter register, TMR0 - Readable and writable * 8-bit software programmable prescaler * Internal or external clock select - Edge select for external clock Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module, while Figure 6-2 shows the electrical structure of the Timer0 input. Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two cycles (Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4). The user can work around this by writing an adjusted value to the TMR0 register.
FIGURE 6-1:
TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data bus FOSC/4 0 1 1 PSout Sync with Internal Clocks 8 TMR0 reg
T0CKI pin
T0SE(1)
Programmable Prescaler(2) 3 T0CS(1) PS2, PS1, PS0(1)
0
PSout (2 cycle delay) Sync
PSA(1)
Note 1: Bits T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2, PS1 and PS0 are located in the OPTION register. 2: The prescaler is shared with the Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-6).
FIGURE 6-2:
ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF T0CKI PIN
RIN T0CKI pin
(1)
N
(1)
Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer
VSS
VSS
Note 1: ESD protection circuits
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 21
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 6-3:
PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch
TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC MOVWF TMR0 PC+1 MOVF TMR0,W PC+2 MOVF TMR0,W PC+3 MOVF TMR0,W PC+4 MOVF TMR0,W PC+5 MOVF TMR0,W PC+6
Timer0 Instruction Executed
T0
T0+1
T0+2
NT0
NT0
NT0
NT0+1
NT0+2
Write TMR0 executed
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1
Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 2
FIGURE 6-4:
PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch Timer0 T0
TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC MOVWF TMR0 PC+1 MOVF TMR0,W PC+2 MOVF TMR0,W PC+3 MOVF TMR0,W PC+4 MOVF TMR0,W PC+5 MOVF TMR0,W PC+6
T0+1
NT0
NT0+1
T0
Instruction Execute
Write TMR0 executed
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1
TABLE 6-1:
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Value on Power-On Reset Value on MCLR and WDT Reset
Address 01h N/A
Name TMR0 OPTION
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Timer0 - 8-bit real-time clock/counter -- -- T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu --11 1111 --11 1111
Legend: Shaded cells: Unimplemented bits, - = unimplemented, x = unknown, u = unchanged,
DS40191A-page 22
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
6.1 Using Timer0 with an External Clock
When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must meet certain requirements. The external clock requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC) synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization. 6.1.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type prescaler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical. For the external clock to meet the sampling requirement, the ripple counter must be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of 40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of 10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification of the desired device. 6.1.2 TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY
When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks (Figure 6-5). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the desired device.
Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0 module is actually incremented. Figure 6-5 shows the delay from the external clock edge to the timer incrementing.
FIGURE 6-5:
TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Small pulse misses sampling
External Clock Input or Prescaler Output (2) (1) External Clock/Prescaler Output After Sampling Increment Timer0 (Q4) Timer0 T0 T0 + 1 (3)
T0 + 2
Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc). Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = 4Tosc max. 2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise. 3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 23
PIC16CR54C
6.2 Prescaler
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog Timer (WDT) (WDT postscaler not implemented on PIC16C52), respectively (Section 6.1.2). For simplicity, this counter is being referred to as "prescaler" throughout this data sheet. Note that the prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the WDT, but not both. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the WDT, and vice-versa. The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1, BSF 1,x, etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the WDT. The prescaler is neither readable nor writable. On a RESET, the prescaler contains all '0's. 6.2.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT.
EXAMPLE 6-1:
CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0WDT)
1.CLRWDT ;Clear WDT 2.CLRF TMR0 ;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler 3.MOVLW '00xx1111'b ;These 3 lines (5, 6, 7) 4.OPTION ; are required only if ; desired 5.CLRWDT ;PS<2:0> are 000 or 001 6.MOVLW '00xx1xxx'b ;Set Postscaler to 7.OPTION ; desired WDT rate
To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0 module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This sequence must be used even if the WDT is disabled. A CLRWDT instruction should be executed before switching the prescaler.
EXAMPLE 6-2:
CLRWDT MOVLW
CHANGING PRESCALER (WDTTIMER0)
;Clear WDT and ;prescaler ;Select TMR0, new ;prescale value and ;clock source
The prescaler assignment is fully under software control (i.e., it can be changed "on the fly" during program execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the
'xxxx0xxx'
OPTION
FIGURE 6-6:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
Data Bus 0 M U X 8 1 0 T0SE T0CS PSA M U X Sync 2 Cycles TMR0 reg
TCY ( = Fosc/4)
T0CKI pin
1
0 M U X
8-bit Prescaler 8 8 - to - 1MUX PS2:PS0
Watchdog Timer
1
PSA WDT Enable bit 0 MUX 1 PSA
WDT Time-Out Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register.
DS40191A-page 24
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
7.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU
The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current power-down mode. The user can wake up from SLEEP through external reset or through a Watchdog Timer time-out. Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator option saves system cost while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to select various options.
What sets a microcontroller apart from other processors are special circuits that deal with the needs of real-time applications. The PIC16C5X family of microcontrollers has a host of such features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These features are: * * * * * * * Oscillator selection Reset Power-On Reset (POR) Device Reset Timer (DRT) Watchdog Timer (WDT) SLEEP Code protection
7.1
Configuration Bits
Configuration bits can be programmed to select various device configurations. Two bits are for the selection of the oscillator type and one bit is the Watchdog Timer enable bit. Nine bits are code protection bits (Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2) for the PIC16CR54C devices. ROM devices have the oscillator configuration programmed at the factory and these parts are tested accordingly (see "Product Identification System" diagrams in the back of this data sheet).
The PIC16CR54C Family has a Watchdog Timer which can be shut off only through configuration bit WDTE. It runs off of its own RC oscillator for added reliability. There is an 18 ms delay provided by the Device Reset Timer (DRT), intended to keep the chip in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. With this timer on-chip, most applications need no external reset circuitry.
FIGURE 7-1:
CP bit11 CP 10
CONFIGURATION WORD FOR PIC16CR54C
CP 9 CP 8 CP 7 CP 6 CP 5 CP 4 CP 3 WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 2 1 bit0 Register: Address(1): CONFIG 0FFFh
bit 11-3: CP: Code protection bits 1 = Code protection off 0 = Code protection on bit 2: WDTE: Watchdog timer enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator selection bits 11 = RC oscillator 10 = HS oscillator 01 = XT oscillator 00 = LP oscillator
bit 1-0:
Note 1: Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming Specification (Literature number DS30190) to determine how to access the configuration word.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 25
PIC16CR54C
7.2
7.2.1
Oscillator Configurations
OSCILLATOR TYPES
FIGURE 7-3:
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1 PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54Cs can be operated in four different oscillator modes. The user can program two configuration bits (FOSC1:FOSC0) to select one of these four modes: * * * * LP: XT: HS: RC: Low Power Crystal Crystal/Resonator High Speed Crystal/Resonator Resistor/Capacitor CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC RESONATORS
Clock from ext. system Open
OSC2
TABLE 7-1:
7.2.2
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS - PIC16CR54C
Cap. Range C1 Cap. Range C2
In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins to establish oscillation (Figure 7-2). The PIC16CR54C oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can have an external clock source drive the OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 7-3).
Osc Type XT
Resonator Freq
455 kHz 68-100 pF 68-100 pF 2.0 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF 4.0 MHz 10-22 pF 10-22 pF HS 8.0 MHz 10-22 pF 10-22 pF 16.0 MHz 10 pF 10 pF These values are for design guidance only. Since each resonator has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
FIGURE 7-2:
CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR CERAMIC RESONATOR) (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1
TABLE 7-2:
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR - PIC16CR54C
Cap.Range C1 Cap. Range C2
C1(1)
PIC16CR54C
SLEEP
Osc Type LP XT
Resonator Freq
XTAL RS(2) C2(1) OSC2
RF(3)
To internal logic
Note 1: See Capacitor Selection tables for recommended values of C1 and C2. 2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT strip cut crystals. 3: RF varies with the crystal chosen (approx. value = 10 M).
32 kHz(1) 15 pF 15 pF 200-300 pF 15-30 pF 100 kHz 100-200 pF 15-30 pF 200 kHz 15-100 pF 15-30 pF 455 kHz 15-30 pF 15-30 pF 1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 2 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 4 MHz HS 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 8 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 20 MHz 15 pF 15 pF Note 1: For VDD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 30 pF is recommended. These values are for design guidance only. Rs may be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification. Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
Note:
If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application.
DS40191A-page 26
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
7.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
FIGURE 7-5:
Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators provide a wide operating range and better stability. A well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel resonance, or one with series resonance. Figure 7-4 shows implementation of a parallel resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The 74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 k resistor provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 k potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region. This circuit could be used for external oscillator designs.
EXTERNAL SERIES RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT (USING XT, HS OR LP OSCILLATOR MODE)
330 74AS04 74AS04 To Other Devices PIC16CR54C CLKIN
330 74AS04 0.1 F XTAL
OSC2 100k
Note:
If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. RC OSCILLATOR
FIGURE 7-4:
EXTERNAL PARALLEL RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT (USING XT, HS OR LP OSCILLATOR MODE)
To Other Devices
7.2.4
+5V 10k 4.7k 74AS04 74AS04 PIC16CR54C CLKIN
OSC2 10k XTAL 10k 20 pF 20 pF 100k
For timing insensitive applications, the RC device option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal process parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external R and C components used. Figure 7-6 shows how the R/C combination is connected to the PIC16CR54C. For Rext values below 2.2 k, the oscillator operation may become unstable, or stop completely. For very high Rext values (e.g., 1 M) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise, humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping Rext between 3 k and 100 k. Although the oscillator will operate with no external capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency can vary dramatically due to changes in external capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or package lead frame capacitance.
Note:
If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application.
Figure 7-5 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit. This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180-degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator circuit. The 330 resistors provide the negative feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 27
PIC16CR54C
The Electrical Specifications sections show RC frequency variation from part to part due to normal process variation. The variation is larger for larger R (since leakage current variation will affect RC frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency more). Also, see the Electrical Specifications sections for variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given Rext/Cext values as well as frequency variation due to operating temperature for given R, C, and VDD values. The oscillator frequency, divided by 4, is available on the OSC2/CLKOUT pin, and can be used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic.
7.3
Reset
PIC16CR54C devices may be reset in one of the following ways: * * * * * Power-On Reset (POR) MCLR reset (normal operation) MCLR wake-up reset (from SLEEP) WDT reset (normal operation) WDT wake-up reset (from SLEEP)
Table 7-3 shows these reset conditions for the PCL and STATUS registers. Some registers are not affected in any reset condition. Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any other reset. Most other registers are reset to a "reset state" on Power-On Reset (POR), MCLR or WDT reset. A MCLR or WDT wake-up from SLEEP also results in a device reset, and not a continuation of operation before SLEEP. The TO and PD bits (STATUS <4:3>) are set or cleared depending on the different reset conditions (Section 7.7). These bits may be used to determine the nature of the reset. Table 7-4 lists a full description of reset states of all registers. Figure 7-7 shows a simplified block diagram of the on-chip reset circuit.
FIGURE 7-6:
VDD Rext
RC OSCILLATOR MODE
OSC1 N
Internal clock
Cext VSS Fosc/4
PIC16CR54C
OSC2/CLKOUT
Note:
If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application.
DS40191A-page 28
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
TABLE 7-3: RESET CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Condition Power-On Reset MCLR reset (normal operation) MCLR wake-up (from SLEEP) WDT reset (normal operation) PCL Addr: 02h 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 STATUS Addr: 03h 0001 1xxx 000u uuuu(1) 0001 0uuu 0000 1uuu(2) 0000 0uuu
WDT wake-up (from SLEEP) 1111 1111 Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Note 1: TO and PD bits retain their last value until one of the other reset conditions occur. 2: The CLRWDT instruction will set the TO and PD bits.
TABLE 7-4:
Register W TRIS OPTION INDF TMR0 PCL(1) STATUS(1) FSR PORTA PORTB
RESET CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Address N/A N/A N/A 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h Power-On Reset
xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 --11 1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 0001 1xxx 111x xxxx ---- xxxx xxxx xxxx
MCLR or WDT Reset
uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 --11 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 000q quuu 111u uuuu ---- uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
General Purpose Register Files 07-1Fh xxxx xxxx Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0', q = see tables in Section 7.7 for possible values. Note 1: See Table 7-3 for reset value for specific conditions.
FIGURE 7-7:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
Power-Up Detect VDD POR (Power-On Reset)
MCLR/VPP pin
WDT Time-out RESET WDT On-Chip RC OSC 8-bit Asynch Ripple Counter (Start-Up Timer) S Q
R
Q CHIP RESET
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(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
7.4 Power-On Reset (POR) FIGURE 7-8:
The PIC16CR54C incorporates on-chip Power-On Reset (POR) circuitry which provides an internal chip reset for most power-up situations. To use this feature, the user merely ties the MCLR/VPP pin to VDD. A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Power-On Reset circuit is shown in Figure 7-7. The Power-On Reset circuit and the Device Reset Timer (Section 7.5) circuit are closely related. On power-up, the reset latch is set and the DRT is reset. The DRT timer begins counting once it detects MCLR to be high. After the time-out period, which is typically 18 ms, it will reset the reset latch and thus end the on-chip reset signal. A power-up example where MCLR is not tied to VDD is shown in Figure 7-9. VDD is allowed to rise and stabilize before bringing MCLR high. The chip will actually come out of reset TDRT msec after MCLR goes high. In Figure 7-10, the on-chip Power-On Reset feature is being used (MCLR and VDD are tied together). The VDD is stable before the start-up timer times out and there is no problem in getting a proper reset. However, Figure 7-11 depicts a problem situation where VDD rises too slowly. The time between when the DRT senses a high on the MCLR/VPP pin, and when the MCLR/VPP pin (and VDD) actually reach their full value, is too long. In this situation, when the start-up timer times out, VDD has not reached the VDD (min) value and the chip is, therefore, not guaranteed to function correctly. For such situations, we recommend that external RC circuits be used to achieve longer POR delay times (Figure 7-8). When the device starts normal operation (exits the reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be meet to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in reset until the operating conditions are met. For more information on PIC16CR54C POR, see Power-Up Considerations - AN522 in the Embedded Control Handbook. The POR circuit does not produce an internal reset when VDD declines. Note:
EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW VDD POWER-UP)
VDD
VDD
D
R R1 MCLR C PIC16CR54C
* External Power-On Reset circuit is required only if VDD power-up is too slow. The diode D helps discharge the capacitor quickly when VDD powers down. * R < 40 k is recommended to make sure that voltage drop across R does not violate the device electrical specification. * R1 = 100 to 1 k will limit any current flowing into MCLR from external capacitor C in the event of MCLR pin breakdown due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS).
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PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 7-9: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD)
VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT
DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 7-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): FAST VDD RISE TIME
VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT
DRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 7-11: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): SLOW VDD RISE TIME
V1 VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET When VDD rises slowly, the TDRT time-out expires long before VDD has reached its final value. In this example, the chip will reset properly if, and only if, V1 VDD min
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(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
7.5 Device Reset Timer (DRT) 7.6 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
The Device Reset Timer (DRT) provides a fixed 18 ms nominal time-out on reset. The DRT operates on an internal RC oscillator. The processor is kept in RESET as long as the DRT is active. The DRT delay allows VDD to rise above VDD min., and for the oscillator to stabilize. Oscillator circuits based on crystals or ceramic resonators require a certain time after power-up to establish a stable oscillation. The on-chip DRT keeps the device in a RESET condition for approximately 18 ms after the voltage on the MCLR/VPP pin has reached a logic high (VIH) level. Thus, external RC networks connected to the MCLR input are not required in most cases, allowing for savings in cost-sensitive and/or space restricted applications. The Device Reset time delay will vary from chip to chip due to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See AC parameters for details. The DRT will also be triggered upon a Watchdog Timer time-out. This is particularly important for applications using the WDT to wake the PIC16CR54C from SLEEP mode automatically. The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a free running on-chip RC oscillator which does not require any external components. This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of the OSC1/CLKIN pin. That means that the WDT will run even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins have been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During normal operation or SLEEP, a WDT reset or wake-up reset generates a device RESET. The TO bit (STATUS<4>) will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer reset. The WDT can be permanently disabled by programming the configuration bit WDTE as a '0' (Section 7.1). Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming Specifications (Literature Number DS30190) to determine how to access the configuration word. 7.6.1 WDT PERIOD
The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with no prescaler). If a longer time-out period is desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT (under software control) by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out a period of a nominal 2.3 seconds can be realized. These periods vary with temperature, VDD and part-to-part process variations (see DC specs). Under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., max. WDT prescaler), it may take several seconds before a WDT time-out occurs. 7.6.2 WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
The CLRWDT instruction clears the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevents it from timing out and generating a device RESET. The SLEEP instruction resets the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. This gives the maximum SLEEP time before a WDT wake-up reset.
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PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 7-12: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
From TMR0 Clock Source 0 Watchdog Timer 1 M U X Postscaler Postscaler
8 - to - 1 MUX WDT Enable EPROM Bit PSA
PS2:PS0
To TMR0 0 MUX Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register. WDT Time-out 1 PSA
TABLE 7-5:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WATCHDOG TIMER
Value on Power-On Reset --11 1111 Value on MCLR and WDT Reset --11 1111
Address N/A
Name OPTION
Bit 7 --
Bit 6 --
Bit 5 T0CS
Bit 4 T0SE
Bit 3 PSA
Bit 2 PS2
Bit 1 PS1
Bit 0 PS0
Legend: Shaded boxes = Not used by Watchdog Timer, - = unimplemented, read as '0', u = unchanged
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PIC16CR54C
7.7 Time-Out Sequence and Power Down Status Bits (TO/PD) 7.8 Reset on Brown-Out
A brown-out is a condition where device power (VDD) dips below its minimum value, but not to zero, and then recovers. The device should be reset in the event of a brown-out. To reset PIC16CR54C devices when a brown-out occurs, external brown-out protection circuits may be built, as shown in Figure 7-13 and Figure 7-14.
The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register can be tested to determine if a RESET condition has been caused by a power-up condition, a MCLR or Watchdog Timer (WDT) reset, or a MCLR or WDT wake-up reset.
TABLE 7-6:
TO
1 u 1 0 0
TO/PD STATUS AFTER RESET
RESET was caused by Power-up (POR) MCLR reset (normal operation)(1) MCLR wake-up reset (from SLEEP) WDT reset (normal operation) WDT wake-up reset (from SLEEP)
PD
1 u 0 1 0
FIGURE 7-13: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 1
VDD VDD 33k 10k Q1 MCLR 40k PIC16CR54C
Legend: u = unchanged Note 1: The TO and PD bits maintain their status (u) until a reset occurs. A low-pulse on the MCLR input does not change the TO and PD status bits.
These STATUS bits are only affected by events listed in Table 7-7.
TABLE 7-7:
Event
EVENTS AFFECTING TO/PD STATUS BITS
TO
1 0 1 1
This circuit will activate reset when VDD goes below Vz + 0.7V (where Vz = Zener voltage).
PD
1 u 0 1
Remarks No effect on PD
Power-up WDT Time-out SLEEP instruction CLRWDT instruction
FIGURE 7-14: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 2
VDD VDD R1 Q1 MCLR R2 40k PIC16CR54C
Legend: u = unchanged A WDT time-out will occur regardless of the status of the TO bit. A SLEEP instruction will be executed, regardless of the status of the PD bit. Table 7-6 reflects the status of TO and PD after the corresponding event.
Table 7-3 lists the reset conditions for the special function registers, while Table 7-4 lists the reset conditions for all the registers.
This brown-out circuit is less expensive, although less accurate. Transistor Q1 turns off when VDD is below a certain level such that: VDD * R1 R1 + R2 = 0.7V
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PIC16CR54C
7.9 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP) 7.10 Program Verification/Code Protection
A device may be powered down (SLEEP) and later powered up (Wake-up from SLEEP). 7.9.1 SLEEP If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out for verification purposes. Note: The Power-Down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but keeps running, the TO bit (STATUS<4>) is set, the PD bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared and the oscillator driver is turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving high, driving low, or hi-impedance). It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT time-out does not drive the MCLR/VPP pin low. For lowest current consumption while powered down, the T0CKI input should be at VDD or VSS and the MCLR/VPP pin must be at a logic high level (VIH MCLR). 7.9.2 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP Microchip does not recommend code protecting windowed devices.
The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of the following events: 1. 2. An external reset input on MCLR/VPP pin. A Watchdog Timer time-out reset (if WDT was enabled).
Both of these events cause a device reset. The TO and PD bits can be used to determine the cause of device reset. The TO bit is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred (and caused wake-up). The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. The WDT is cleared when the device wakes from sleep, regardless of the wake-up source.
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Preliminary
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PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
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PIC16CR54C
8.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Each PIC16CR54C instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type, and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the instruction. The PIC16CR54C instruction set summary in Table 8-2 groups the instructions into byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 8-1 shows the opcode field descriptions. For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file register designator and 'd' represents a destination designator. The file register designator is used to specify which one of the 32 file registers is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field designator which selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an 8 or 9-bit constant or literal value. All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s. Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the instructions can have. All examples in the figure use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number: 0xhhh where 'h' signifies a hexadecimal digit.
FIGURE 8-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
6 5 d 4 f (FILE #) 0
Byte-oriented file register operations 11 OPCODE
TABLE 8-1:
Field
f W b k x
OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Description
d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 5-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 11 OPCODE 87 54 b (BIT #) f (FILE #) 0
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1) The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0 (store result in W) d = 1 (store result in file register 'f') Default is d = 1 Label name Top of Stack Program Counter Watchdog Timer Counter Time-Out bit Power-Down bit Destination, either the W register or the specified register file location Options Contents Assigned to Register bit field In the set of User defined term (font is courier)
b = 3-bit bit address f = 5-bit file register address Literal and control operations (except GOTO) 11 OPCODE k = 8-bit immediate value Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction 11 OPCODE k = 9-bit immediate value 9 8 k (literal) 0 8 7 k (literal) 0
d label TOS PC WDT TO PD
dest [] () <>
italics
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 37
PIC16CR54C
TABLE 8-2:
Mnemonic, Operands ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW OPTION RETLW SLEEP TRIS XORLW f,d f,d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, b f, b f, b f, b k k k k k k k k - f k
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
12-Bit Opcode Description Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate left f through Carry Rotate right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap f Exclusive OR W with f Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Unconditional branch Inclusive OR Literal with W Move Literal to W Load OPTION register Return, place Literal in W Go into standby mode Load TRIS register Exclusive OR Literal to W Cycles MSb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0001 0001 0000 0000 0010 0000 0010 0010 0011 0001 0010 0000 0000 0011 0011 0000 0011 0001 11df 01df 011f 0100 01df 11df 11df 10df 11df 00df 00df 001f 0000 01df 00df 10df 10df 10df LSb ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff Status Affected Notes C,DC,Z Z Z Z Z Z None Z None Z Z None None C C C,DC,Z None Z None None None None Z None TO, PD None Z None None None TO, PD None Z 1,2,4 2,4 4
2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 1,4 2,4 2,4 1,2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS 0100 0101 0110 0111 bbbf bbbf bbbf bbbf ffff ffff ffff ffff
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS 1110 1001 0000 101k 1101 1100 0000 1000 0000 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0010 kkkk 0011 0fff kkkk 1
3
Note 1: The 9th bit of the program counter will be forced to a '0' by any instruction that writes to the PC except for GOTO. (See individual device data sheets, Memory Section/Indirect Data Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers) 2: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g. MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'. 3: The instruction TRIS f, where f = 5 or 6 causes the contents of the W register to be written to the tristate latches of PORTA or B respectively. A '1' forces the pin to a hi-impedance state and disables the output buffers. 4: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared (if assigned to TMR0).
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ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Add W and f [ label ] ADDWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) + (f) (dest)
0001 11df ffff
ANDWF f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
AND W with f [ label ] ANDWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) (dest)
0001 01df ffff
f,d
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Add the contents of the W register and register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Status Affected: Z
The contents of the W register are AND'ed with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Words: Cycles: Example:
W = FSR = W = FSR =
1 1
ADDWF 0x17 0xC2 0xD9 0xC2 FSR, 0
Words: Cycles: Example:
W= FSR = W = FSR =
1 1
ANDWF 0x17 0xC2 0x17 0x02 FSR, 1
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
After Instruction
After Instruction
ANDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
And literal with W [ label ] ANDLW 0 k 255 (W).AND. (k) (W) k
BCF Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Bit Clear f [ label ] BCF 0 f 31 0b7 0 (f)
0100 bbbf ffff
f,b
Status Affected: Z
1110 kkkk kkkk The contents of the W register are AND'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
Status Affected: None Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1
BCF FLAG_REG, 7 Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.
Words: Cycles: Example:
W W = =
1 1
ANDLW 0xA3 0x03 0x5F
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0xC7
Before Instruction After Instruction
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x47
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 39
PIC16CR54C
BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1
BSF FLAG_REG, 7
Bit Set f [ label ] BSF 0 f 31 0b7 1 (f)
0101 bbbf ffff
BTFSS f,b Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Bit Test f, Skip if Set [ label ] BTFSS f,b 0 f 31 0b<7 skip if (f) = 1
0111 bbbf ffff
Status Affected: None
Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.
Status Affected: None
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction.
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x0A
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1(2)
HERE FALSE TRUE * * BTFSS GOTO * FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x8A
BTFSC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear [ label ] BTFSC f,b 0 f 31 0b7 skip if (f) = 0 0110
bbbf ffff
Before Instruction
PC = = = = = address (HERE) 0, address (FALSE); 1, address (TRUE)
After Instruction
If FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC
Status Affected: None
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is 0 then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is 0 then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded, and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction.
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1(2)
HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSC GOTO
FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE
* * *
address (HERE) 0, address (TRUE); 1, address(FALSE)
Before Instruction
PC = = = = =
After Instruction
if FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC
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PIC16CR54C
CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Subroutine Call [ label ] CALL k 0 k 255 (PC) + 1 Top of Stack; k PC<7:0>; (STATUS<6:5>) PC<10:9>; 0 PC<8>
1001 kkkk kkkk
CLRW Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Clear W [ label ] CLRW None 00h (W); 1Z
0000 0100 0000
Status Affected: Z Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
W W Z = = = The W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set.
Status Affected: None Encoding: Description:
Subroutine call. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eight bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <7:0>. The upper bits PC<10:9> are loaded from STATUS<6:5>, PC<8> is cleared. CALL is a two cycle instruction.
1 1
CLRW 0x5A 0x00 1
Before Instruction After Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example:
PC = PC = TOS =
1 2
HERE CALL THERE
Before Instruction
address (HERE) address (THERE) address (HERE + 1)
CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Clear Watchdog Timer [ label ] CLRWDT None 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler (if assigned); 1 TO; 1 PD
0000 0000 0100
After Instruction
CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Clear f [ label ] CLRF 0 f 31 00h (f); 1Z
0000 011f ffff
f
Status Affected: TO, PD Encoding: Description:
The CLRWDT instruction resets the WDT. It also resets the prescaler, if the prescaler is assigned to the WDT and not Timer0. Status bits TO and PD are set.
Status Affected: Z Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
The contents of register 'f' are cleared and the Z bit is set.
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1
CLRWDT ? 0x00 0 1 1
1 1
CLRF = = = FLAG_REG 0x5A 0x00 1
Before Instruction
WDT counter =
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG
After Instruction
WDT counter WDT prescale TO PD = = = =
After Instruction
FLAG_REG Z
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 41
PIC16CR54C
COMF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Complement f [ label ] COMF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) (dest)
0010 01df ffff
DECFSZ f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Decrement f, Skip if 0 [ label ] DECFSZ f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - 1 d;
0010
skip if result = 0
ffff
Status Affected: Z
The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Status Affected: None
11df The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction.
Words: Cycles: Example:
REG1 REG1 W
1 1
COMF = = = 0x13 0x13 0xEC REG1,0
Before Instruction After Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1(2)
DECFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * = = = = = address (HERE) CNT - 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE+1) HERE CNT, 1 LOOP
DECF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Decrement f [ label ] DECF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (dest)
0000 11df ffff
Before Instruction
PC CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC
After Instruction
Status Affected: Z
Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Unconditional Branch [ label ] GOTO k 0 k 511 k PC<8:0>; STATUS<6:5> PC<10:9>
101k kkkk kkkk
Words: Cycles: Example:
CNT Z CNT Z
1 1
DECF = = = = 0x01 0 0x00 1 CNT,
1
Before Instruction
Status Affected: None Encoding: Description:
GOTO is an unconditional branch. The 9-bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <8:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from STATUS<6:5>. GOTO is a two cycle instruction.
After Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example:
PC =
1 2
GOTO THERE address (THERE)
After Instruction
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PIC16CR54C
INCF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Increment f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest)
0010 10df ffff
IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Inclusive OR literal with W [ label ] IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. (k) (W)
1101 kkkk kkkk
INCF f,d
Status Affected: Z
The contents of the W register are OR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
Status Affected: Z
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'.
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1
IORLW = = = 0x9A 0xBF 0 0x35
Words: Cycles: Example:
CNT Z CNT Z
1 1
INCF = = = = CNT,
1
Before Instruction
W W Z
Before Instruction
0xFF 0 0x00 1
After Instruction
After Instruction IORWF Syntax: INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Increment f, Skip if 0 [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest), skip if result = 0
0011 11df ffff
Inclusive OR W with f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W).OR. (f) (dest)
0001 00df ffff
IORWF
f,d
Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
INCFSZ f,d
Status Affected: Z
Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'.
Status Affected: None
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, then the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction.
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1
IORWF 0x13 0x91 0x13 0x93 0 RESULT, 0
Before Instruction
RESULT = W =
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1(2)
HERE INCFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * = = = = = address (HERE) CNT + 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE +1) CNT, LOOP 1
After Instruction
RESULT = W = Z =
Before Instruction
PC CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC
After Instruction
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 43
PIC16CR54C
MOVF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Move f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) (dest)
0010 00df ffff
MOVWF MOVF f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
Move W to f [ label ] 0 f 31 (W) (f)
0000 001f ffff
MOVWF
f
Status Affected: None
Move data from the W register to register 'f'.
Status Affected: Z
The contents of register 'f' is moved to destination 'd'. If 'd' is 0, destination is the W register. If 'd' is 1, the destination is file register 'f'. 'd' is 1 is useful to test a file register since status flag Z is affected.
1 1
MOVWF = = = = TEMP_REG 0xFF 0x4F 0x4F 0x4F
Words: Cycles: Example:
W =
1 1
MOVF FSR, 0
Before Instruction
TEMP_REG W
After Instruction
TEMP_REG W
After Instruction
value in FSR register
NOP MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Move Literal to W [ label ] k (W)
1100 kkkk kkkk
No Operation [ label ] None No operation
0000 0000 0000
Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
NOP
MOVLW k
0 k 255
Status Affected: None No operation. 1 1
NOP
Status Affected: None
The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into the W register. The don't cares will assemble as 0s.
Words: Cycles: Example:
W =
1 1
MOVLW 0x5A 0x5A
After Instruction
DS40191A-page 44
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
OPTION Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
W
Load OPTION Register [ label ] None (W) OPTION OPTION
RLF Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Rotate Left f through Carry [ label ] RLF 0 f 31 d [0,1] See description below
0011 01df ffff
f,d
Status Affected: None
0000 0000 0010 The content of the W register is loaded into the OPTION register.
Status Affected: C Encoding: Description:
The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
1 1
OPTION
Before Instruction
= 0x07 0x07
C Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1
RLF = = = = =
register 'f'
After Instruction
OPTION =
REG1,0 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 1100 1100 1
RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Return with Literal in W [ label ] RETLW k 0 k 255 k (W); TOS PC
1000 kkkk kkkk
Before Instruction
REG1 C REG1 W C
After Instruction
Status Affected: None Encoding: Description:
The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal 'k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two cycle instruction.
RRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Rotate Right f through Carry [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] See description below
0011 00df ffff
RRF f,d
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 2
CALL TABLE ;W contains ;table offset ;value. * ;W now has table * ;value. * ADDWF PC ;W = offset RETLW k1 ;Begin table RETLW k2 ; * * * RETLW kn ; End of table = = 0x07 value of k8
Status Affected: C
The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'.
TABLE
C Words: Cycles: Example:
REG1 C REG1 W C
register 'f'
1 1
RRF = = = = = REG1,0 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 0111 0011 0
Before Instruction
W W
Before Instruction
After Instruction
After Instruction
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 45
PIC16CR54C
SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Enter SLEEP Mode [label] None 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler; 1 TO; 0 PD
0000 0000 0011
SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Subtract W from f [label] SUBWF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - (W) (dest)
0000 10df ffff
SLEEP
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Subtract (2's complement method) the W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Status Affected: TO, PD Encoding: Description:
Time-out status bit (TO) is set. The power down status bit (PD) is cleared. The WDT and its prescaler are cleared. The processor is put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped. See section on SLEEP for more details.
Words: Cycles: Example 1:
REG1 W C REG1 W C
1 1
SUBWF = = = = = = 3 2 ? 1 2 1 REG1, 1
Before Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1 SLEEP
After Instruction
; result is positive
Example 2: Before Instruction
REG1 W C REG1 W C = = = = = = 2 2 ? 0 2 1
After Instruction
; result is zero
Example 3: Before Instruction
REG1 W C REG1 W C = = = = = = 1 2 ? FF 2 0
After Instruction
; result is negative
DS40191A-page 46
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Swap Nibbles in f [ label ] SWAPF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f<3:0>) (dest<7:4>); (f<7:4>) (dest<3:0>)
0011 10df ffff
XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description:
Exclusive OR literal with W [label] XORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k (W)
1111 kkkk kkkk
Status Affected: Z
The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
Status Affected: None Encoding: Description:
The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed in register 'f'.
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1 XORLW
= = 0xB5 0x1A
Words: Cycles: Example
REG1 REG1 W
1 1
SWAPF = = =
0xAF
Before Instruction REG1, 0
W W
Before Instruction
0xA5 0xA5 0X5A
After Instruction
After Instruction XORWF Syntax: Operands: TRIS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
W TRISA
Exclusive OR W with f [ label ] XORWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) (dest)
0001 10df ffff
f,d
Load TRIS Register [ label ] TRIS f = 5, 6 or 7 (W) TRIS register f
0000 0000 0fff
f
Operation: Encoding: Description:
Status Affected: Z
Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Status Affected: None
TRIS register 'f' (f = 5, 6, or 7) is loaded with the contents of the W register
1 1
TRIS = = 0XA5 0XA5 PORTA
Words: Cycles: Example
REG W REG W
1 1 XORWF
= = = = REG,1
Before Instruction After Instruction
Before Instruction
0xAF 0xB5 0x1A 0xB5
After Instruction
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 47
PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
DS40191A-page 48
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
9.0
9.1
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
Development Tools
9.3
ICEPIC: Low-Cost PICmicroTM In-Circuit Emulator
The PICmicrTM microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * PICMASTER(R)/PICMASTER CE Real-Time In-Circuit Emulator * ICEPICTM Low-Cost PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX In-Circuit Emulator * PRO MATE(R) II Universal Programmer * PICSTART(R) Plus Entry-Level Prototype Programmer * PICDEM-1 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * PICDEM-2 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * PICDEM-3 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * MPASM Assembler * MPLABTM SIM Software Simulator * MPLAB-C17 (C Compiler) * Fuzzy Logic Development System (fuzzyTECH(R)-MP)
ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulator solution for the Microchip PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit OTP microcontrollers. ICEPIC is designed to operate on PC-compatible machines ranging from 286-AT(R) through PentiumTM based machines under Windows 3.x environment. ICEPIC features real time, non-intrusive emulation.
9.4
PRO MATE II: Universal Programmer
The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-featured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CE compliant. The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has an LCD display for displaying error messages, keys to enter commands and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In standalone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or program PIC12CXXX, PIC14C000, PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices. It can also set configuration and code-protect bits in this mode.
9.2
PICMASTER: High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator with MPLAB IDE
The PICMASTER Universal In-Circuit Emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for all microcontrollers in the PIC14C000, PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX families. PICMASTER is supplied with the MPLABTM Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which allows editing, "make" and download, and source debugging from a single environment. Interchangeable target probes allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the PICMASTER allows expansion to support all new Microchip microcontrollers. The PICMASTER Emulator System has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are generally found on more expensive development tools. The PC compatible 386 (and higher) machine platform and Microsoft Windows(R) 3.x environment were chosen to best make these features available to you, the end user. A CE compliant version of PICMASTER is available for European Union (EU) countries.
9.5
PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System
The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, low-cost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. PICSTART Plus is not recommended for production programming. PICSTART Plus supports all PIC12CXXX, PIC14C000, PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices with up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the PIC16C923, PIC16C924 and PIC17C756 may be supported with an adapter socket. PICSTART Plus is CE compliant.
9.6
PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates the capabilities of several of Microchip's microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demo programs. The users can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test firmware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1 board to the PICMASTER emulator and download the firmware to the emulator for testing.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 49
PIC16CR54C
Additional prototype area is available for the user to build some additional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to PORTB.
9.9
MPLABTM Integrated Development Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE Software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcontroller market. MPLAB is a windows based application which contains: * A full featured editor * Three operating modes - editor - emulator - simulator * A project manager * Customizable tool bar and key mapping * A status bar with project information * Extensive on-line help MPLAB allows you to: * Edit your source files (either assembly or `C') * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PICmicro tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - source files - absolute listing file * Transfer data dynamically via DDE (soon to be replaced by OLE) * Run up to four emulators on the same PC The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip's simulator allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily switch from the low cost simulator to the full featured emulator with minimal retraining due to development tools.
9.7
PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65, PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware. The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connection to an LCD module and a keypad.
9.8
PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and easily test firmware. The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and separate headers for connection to an external LCD module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3 board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 segments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides an additional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for showing the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A simple serial interface allows the user to construct a hardware demultiplexer for the LCD signals.
9.10
Assembler (MPASM)
The MPASM Universal Macro Assembler is a PC-hosted symbolic assembler. It supports all microcontroller series including the PIC12C5XX, PIC14000, PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, and PIC17CXX families. MPASM offers full featured Macro capabilities, conditional assembly, and several source and listing formats. It generates various object code formats to support Microchip's development tools as well as third party programmers. MPASM allows full symbolic debugging from PICMASTER, Microchip's Universal Emulator System. MPASM has the following features to assist in developing software for specific use applications. * Provides translation of Assembler source code to object code for all Microchip microcontrollers. * Macro assembly capability. * Produces all the files (Object, Listing, Symbol, and special) required for symbolic debug with Microchip's emulator systems. * Supports Hex (default), Decimal and Octal source and listing formats.
DS40191A-page 50
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
MPASM provides a rich directive language to support programming of the PICmicro. Directives are helpful in making the development of your assemble source code shorter and more maintainable. own code. MP-DriveWay is intelligent enough to maintain your code through subsequent code generation.
9.15
9.11
Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM)
SEEVAL(R) Evaluation and Programming System
The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC host environment. It allows the user to simulate the PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the user may examine or modify any of the data areas or provide external stimulus to any of the pins. The input/output radix can be set by the user and the execution can be performed in; single step, execute until break, or in a trace mode. MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using MPLAB-C and MPASM. The Software Simulator offers the low cost flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment making it an excellent multi-project software development tool.
The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer's Kit supports all Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM product including Smart SerialsTM and secure serials. The Total EnduranceTM Disk is included to aid in trade-off analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an optimized system.
9.16
KEELOQ(R) Evaluation and Programming Tools
9.12
C Compiler (MPLAB-C17)
The MPLAB-C Code Development System is a complete `C' compiler and integrated development environment for Microchip's PIC17CXXX family of microcontrollers. The compiler provides powerful integration capabilities and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easier source level debugging, the compiler provides symbol information that is compatible with the MPLAB IDE memory display.
KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS evaluation kit includes an LCD display to show changing codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a programming interface to program test transmitters.
9.13
Fuzzy Logic Development System (fuzzyTECH-MP)
fuzzyTECH-MP fuzzy logic development tool is available in two versions - a low cost introductory version, MP Explorer, for designers to gain a comprehensive working knowledge of fuzzy logic system design; and a full-featured version, fuzzyTECH-MP, Edition for implementing more complex systems.
Both versions include Microchip's fuzzyLABTM demonstration board for hands-on experience with fuzzy logic systems implementation.
9.14
MP-DriveWayTM - Application Code Generator
MP-DriveWay is an easy-to-use Windows-based Application Code Generator. With MP-DriveWay you can visually configure all the peripherals in a PICmicro device and, with a click of the mouse, generate all the initialization and many functional code modules in C language. The output is fully compatible with Microchip's MPLAB-C C compiler. The code produced is highly modular and allows easy integration of your
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 51
DS40191A-page 52
TABLE 9-1:
PIC16CR54C
PIC12C5XX
PIC14000
PIC16C5X
PIC16CXXX
PIC16C6X PIC16C7XX PIC16C8X PIC16C9XX PIC17C4X
PIC17C75X
24CXX 25CXX 93CXX
HCS200 HCS300 HCS301
EMULATOR PRODUCTS
PICMASTER(R)/ PICMASTER-CE In-Circuit Emulator ICEPICTM Low-Cost In-Circuit Emulator
u u
u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u
u
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP
SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
MPLABTM Integrated Development Environment MPLABTM C17 Compiler
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u u
u u
fuzzyTECH(R)-MP Explorer/Edition Fuzzy Logic Dev. Tool
MP-DriveWayTM Applications Code Generator Total EnduranceTM Software Model
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
u
u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u u
PROGRAMMERS
PICSTART(R)Plus Low-Cost Universal Dev. Kit PRO MATE(R) II Universal Programmer KEELOQ(R) Programmer
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u
u u u u u
DEMO BOARDS
SEEVAL(R) Designers Kit PICDEM-1 PICDEM-2 PICDEM-3 KEELOQ(R) Evaluation Kit
u u u u u u u u u
PIC16CR54C
10.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16CR54C
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient temperature under bias............................................................................................................-55C to +125C Storage temperature ............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..................................................................................................................0 to +7.5V Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS................................................................................................................0 to +14V Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................. -0.6V to (VDD + 0.6V) Total power dissipation(1) .....................................................................................................................................800 mW Max. current out of VSS pin....................................................................................................................................150 mA Max. current into VDD pin ......................................................................................................................................100 mA Max. current into an input pin (T0CKI only)......................................................................................................................500 A Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) ....................................................................................................................20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ..............................................................................................................20 mA Max. output current sunk by any I/O pin..................................................................................................................15 mA Max. output current sourced by any I/O pin ............................................................................................................15 mA Max. output current sourced by a single I/O port A ................................................................................................45 mA Max. output current sourced by a single I/O port B ................................................................................................45 mA Max. output current sunk by a single I/O port A ......................................................................................................45 mA Max. output current sunk by a single I/O port B .....................................................................................................45 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL)
NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 53
PIC16CR54C
10.1 DC Characteristics:PIC16CR54C-04, 20 (Commercial) PIC16CR54C-04I, 20I (Industrial)
DC Characteristics Power Supply Pins Characteristic Supply Voltage XT, RC and LP options HS option RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDD start voltage to ensure Power-On Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-On Reset Supply Current(3) XT and RC(4) options HS option LP option, Commercial LP option, Industrial Power Down Current(5) Commercial Industrial Sym VDD 3.0 4.5 VDR VPOR SVDD IDD 1.8 4.5 14 17 IPD 4.0 0.25 4.0 0.25 12 4.0 14 5.0 A A A A VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled 2.4 16 32 40 mA mA A A FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled 0.05* 1.5* VSS 5.5 5.5 V V V V Device in SLEEP mode See Section 7.4 for details on Power-on Reset Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions
V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on Power-on Reset
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data. 3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that the device is in SLEEP mode. 4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in k. 5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
DS40191A-page 54
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
10.2 DC Characteristics:PIC16CR54C-04, 20, PIC16CR54C-04I, 20I (Commercial, Industrial)
DC Characteristics All Pins Except Power Supply Pins Characteristic Input Low Voltage I/O Ports I/O Ports MCLR (Schmitt Trigger) T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 Input High Voltage I/O ports MCLR (Schmitt Trigger) T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger inputs Input Leakage Current(3) I/O ports MCLR T0CKI OSC1 Output Low Voltage I/O ports OSC2/CLKOUT Output High Voltage I/O ports(3) OSC2/CLKOUT VOL 0.6 0.6 VOH VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7 V V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, RC option only V V IOL = 5.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V, RC option only VHYS IIL -1.0 -5.0 -3.0 -3.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 +1.0 +5.0 +3.0 +3.0 A A A A A Sym VIL VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VIH 0.25 VDD+0.8V 2.0 0.85 VDD 0.85 VDD 0.85 VDD 0.7 VDD 0.15VDD* VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD V V V V V V V For VDD 5.5V VSS VPIN VDD, Pin at hi-impedance VPIN = VSS +0.25V(2) VPIN = VDD(2) VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP options For all VDD(5) 4.5V < VDD 5.5V(5) RC option only(4) XT, HS and LP options 0.8 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.3 VDD V V V V V Pin at hi-impedance 4.5V , VDD 5.5V Pin at hi-impedance 2.5V , VDD 4.5V RC option only(4) XT, HS and LP options Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltage. 3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin. 4: For the RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16CR54C be driven with external clock in RC mode. 5: The user may use the better of the two specifications.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 55
PIC16CR54C
10.3 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions
The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F Frequency Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings: pp 2 to ck CLKOUT cy cycle time drt device reset timer io I/O port Uppercase letters and their meanings: S F Fall H High I Invalid (Hi-impedance) L Low
T
Time
mc osc os t0 wdt
MCLR oscillator OSC1 T0CKI watchdog timer
P R V Z
Period Rise Valid Hi-impedance
FIGURE 10-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16CR54C
Pin CL VSS
CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2 15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP options when external clock is used to drive OSC1
DS40191A-page 56
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
10.4 Timing Diagrams and Specifications FIGURE 10-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16CR54C
Q4 OSC1 1 2 CLKOUT 3 3 4 4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
TABLE 10-1:
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54C
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(2) Min DC DC DC DC Oscillator Frequency(2) DC 0.455 4 4 5 External CLKIN Period(2) Typ(1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Max 4.0 4.0 20 200 4.0 4.0 4.0 20 200 -- -- -- -- -- 2,200 250 250 200 Units MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz MHz kHz ns ns ns s ns ns ns ns s Conditions XT osc mode HS osc mode (04) HS osc mode (20) LP osc mode RC osc mode XT osc mode HS osc mode (04) HS osc mode (20) LP osc mode XT osc mode HS osc mode (04) HS osc mode (20) LP osc mode RC osc mode XT osc mode HS osc mode (04) HS osc mode (20) LP osc mode
AC Characteristics
Parameter No.
Sym FOSC
1
TOSC
250 250 50 5.0
Oscillator Period(2)
250 250 250 50 5.0
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 57
PIC16CR54C
TABLE 10-1: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54C (CONTINUED)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Characteristic Instruction Cycle Time(3) Min -- 50* 20* 2.0* 4 TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time -- -- -- Typ(1) 4/FOSC -- -- -- -- -- -- Max -- -- -- -- 25* 25* 50* Units -- ns ns s ns ns ns XT oscillator HS oscillator LP oscillator XT oscillator HS oscillator LP oscillator Conditions
AC Characteristics
Parameter No. 2 3
Sym TCY
TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.
DS40191A-page 58
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 10-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16CR54C
Q4 OSC1 10 CLKOUT 13 I/O Pin (input) 17 I/O Pin (output) Old Value 15 New Value 18 12 16 11 Q1 Q2 Q3
14
19
20, 21 Note: All tests must be done with specified capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.
TABLE 10-2:
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54C
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Characteristic OSC1 to CLKOUT(2) OSC1 to CLKOUT(2) CLKOUT rise time(2) CLKOUT fall time(2) CLKOUT to Port out valid(2) Port in valid before CLKOUT(2) Port in hold after CLKOUT(2) OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time) Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) Port output rise time(3) Port output fall time(3) Min -- -- -- -- -- 0.25 TCY+30* 0* -- TBD TBD -- -- Typ(1) 15 15 5.0 5.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 10 Max 30** 30** 15** 15** 40** -- -- 100* -- -- 25** 25** Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
AC Characteristics
Parameter No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Sym TosH2ckL TosH2ckH TckR TckF TckL2ioV TioV2ckH TckH2ioI TosH2ioV TosH2ioI TioV2osH TioR TioF
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. ** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC. 3: See Figure 10-1 for loading conditions.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 59
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 10-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16CR54C
VDD MCLR 30 Internal POR 32 DRT Time-out Internal RESET Watchdog Timer RESET 31 34 I/O pin (Note 1) 34
32
32
Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.
TABLE 10-3:
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16CR54C
AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Parameter No.
30 31
Sym TmcL Twdt TDRT TioZ
Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (No Prescaler) Device Reset Timer Period I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low
Min 1000* 9.0* 9.0* 100*
Typ(1) -- 18* 18* 300*
Max -- 30* 30* 1000*
Units ns ms ms ns
Conditions VDD = 5.0V VDD = 5.0V (Commercial) VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)
32 34
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
DS40191A-page 60
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 10-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16CR54C
T0CKI 40 41
42
TABLE 10-4:
TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54C
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Min
0.5 TCY + 20* 10* 0.5 TCY + 20* 10* 20 or TCY + 40* N
AC Characteristics
Parameter Sym Characteristic No.
40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler - With Prescaler 41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler - With Prescaler 42 Tt0P T0CKI Period
Typ(1) Max Units Conditions
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns ns ns Whichever is greater. N = Prescale Value (1, 2, 4,..., 256)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 61
PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
DS40191A-page 62
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
11.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables the data presented are outside specified operating range (e.g., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices will operate properly only within the specified range. The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of time. "Typical" represents the mean of the distribution while "max" or "min" represents (mean + 3) and (mean - 3) respectively, where is standard deviation.
FIGURE 11-1: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
FOSC FOSC (25C) 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 VDD = 5.5 V 0.96 0.94 VDD = 3.5 V 0.92 0.90 0.88 0 10 20 25 30 T(C) 40 50 60 70 Rext 10 k Cext = 100 pF Frequency normalized to +25C
TABLE 11-1:
Cext 20 pF
RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCIES
Rext 4.973 MHz 3.82 MHz 2.22 MHz 262.15 kHz 1.63 MHz 1.19 MHz 684.64 kHz 71.56 kHz 660 kHz 484.1 kHz 267.63 kHz 29.44 kHz Average Fosc @ 5 V, 25C 27% 21% 21% 31% 13% 13% 18% 25% 10% 14% 15% 19%
3.3 k 5k 10 k 100 k 100 pF 3.3 k 5k 10 k 100 k 300 pF 3.3 k 5.0 k 10 k 160 k The frequencies are measured on DIP packages.
The percentage variation indicated here is part-to-part variation due to normal process distribution. The variation indicated is 3 standard deviation from average value for VDD = 5 V.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 63
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-2: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD, CEXT = 20 PF
6.00 R=3.3K
PIC16CR54C
5.00 R=5.0K 4.00
Fosc(MHz)
3.00 R=10K
2.00
Cext=20pF, T=25C 1.00 R=100K 0.00 2.5 3 3.5 4 VDD(Volts) 4.5 5 5.5 6
FIGURE 11-3: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD, CEXT = 100 PF
1.80 R=3.3K 1.60
1.40 R=5.0K 1.20
Fosc(MHz)
1.00
0.80 R=10K 0.60 Cext=100pF, T=25C 0.40
0.20 R=100K 0.00 2.5
3
3.5
4 VDD(Volts)
4.5
5
5.5
6
DS40191A-page 64
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-4: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD, CEXT = 300 PF
700.00 R=3.3K 600.00
500.00 R=5.0K
Fosc(KHz)
400.00
300.00 R=10K 200.00 Cext=300pF, T=25C 100.00 R=100K 0.00 2.5 3 3.5 4 VDD(Volts) 4.5 5 5.5 6
FIGURE 11-5: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG DISABLED (25C)
2.5
2
1.5
Ipd(nA) Ipd(A)
1 0.5 0 2.5
3
3.5
4 VDD(Volts)
4.5
5
5.5
6
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 65
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-6: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG ENABLED (25C)
25
PIC16CR54C
20
15
IPD (uA)
10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
VDD (Volts)
FIGURE 11-7: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG ENABLED (-40C, 85C)
35
30
25
20
IPD (uA)
15 10
5
(-40C)
(+85C)
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
0
VDD (Volts)
DS40191A-page 66
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-8: VTH (INPUT THRESHOLD TRIP POINT VOLTAGE) OF I/O PINS vs. VDD
2.00 1.80 1.60 VTH (Volts) 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 5.0 5.5 6.0
25C Typ (+
)
FIGURE 11-9: VIH, VIL OF MCLR, T0CKI AND OSC1 (IN RC MODE) vs. VDD
4.5 4.0 3.5 VIH, VIL (Volts) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 5.0 5.5 6.0
Note: These input pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.
C) +85 C to (-40 max VIH C +25 typ C) VIH +85 C to (-40 min VIH
C to +85C) VIL max (-40 VIL typ +25C
5C) VIL min (-40C to +8
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 67
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-10: VTH (INPUT THRESHOLD TRIP POINT VOLTAGE) OF OSC1 INPUT (IN XT, HS, AND LP MODES) vs. VDD
3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 VTH (Volts) 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 5.0 5.5
PIC16CR54C
( Typ
+25
C)
6.0
FIGURE 11-11: TYPICAL IDD vs. FREQUENCY (WDT DIS, RC MODE @ 20 PF, 25C)
10000
1000
Idd(uA)
5.5V 100 4.5V 3.5V 2.5V
10 100000
1000000 Freq(Hz)
10000000
DS40191A-page 68
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-12: TYPICAL IDD vs. FREQUENCY (WDT DIS, RC MODE @ 100 PF, 25C)
10000
1000
Idd(uA)
100
5.5V 4.5V 3.5V 2.5V
10 10000
100000 Freq(Hz)
1000000
10000000
FIGURE 11-13: TYPICAL IDD vs. FREQUENCY (WDT DIS, RC MODE @ 300 PF, 25C)
10000
1000
Idd(uA) 100
5.5V 4.5V 3.5V 2.5V
10 10000
100000 Freq(Hz)
1000000
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 69
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-14: WDT TIMER TIME-OUT PERIOD vs. VDD
50 45 40 35 WDT period (ms) 30
Typ +125C Typ +85C
PIC16CR54C
25 20
Typ +25C
15
Typ -40C
10 5 2 3 4 5 VDD (Volts) 6 7
DS40191A-page 70
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-15: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 3 V
0
PIC16CR54C
FIGURE 11-17: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 3 V
45 40
Max -40C
-5
Min +85C
35 30
IOH (mA)
-10
Typ +25C
IOL (mA)
25
Typ +25C
-15
Max -40C
20 15
Min +85C
-20 10 5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 VOL (Volts)
-25 VOH (Volts)
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 11-16: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 5 V
0
FIGURE 11-18: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 5 V
90 80 70 60
Typ +25C Max -40C
-10
Typ +125C
IOH (mA)
Typ +85C
IOL (mA)
-20
50
Typ +25C Typ -40C
40
Min +85C
-30
30 20
-40 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 VOH (Volts)
10 0 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
VOL (Volts)
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 71
PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
PIC16CR54C
DS40191A-page 72
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
12.0
12.1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Package Marking Information
18-Lead PDIP MMMMMMMMMMMMXXX MMMMMMMMXXXXXXX AABB CDE
Example PIC16CR54C04/P123 9813 HBA
18-Lead SOIC MMMMMMMMM XXXXXXXXX AABB CDE
Example PIC16CR54C04I/S0218 9810 HDK
20-Lead SSOP MMMMMMMM XXXXXXXX AABB CDE
Example PIC16CR54C 04I/218 9810 HBP
Legend: MM...M XX...X AA BB C
D E Note:
Microchip part number information Customer specific information* Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Facility code of the plant at which wafer is manufactured O = Outside Vendor C = 5" Line S = 6" Line H = 8" Line Mask revision number Assembly code of the plant or country of origin in which part was assembled
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information.
*
Standard ROM marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask rev#, and assembly code. For ROM marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 73
PIC16CR54C
Package Type: K04-007 18-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) - 300 mil
E
D
2 n E1 A1 A R c A2 B1 eB Units Dimension Limits PCB Row Spacing Number of Pins Pitch Lower Lead Width Upper Lead Width Shoulder Radius Lead Thickness Top to Seating Plane Top of Lead to Seating Plane Base to Seating Plane Tip to Seating Plane Package Length Molded Package Width Radius to Radius Width Overall Row Spacing Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter.
1
L
B
p
MIN n p B B1 R c A A1 A2 L D E E1 eB
INCHES* NOM 0.300 18 0.100 0.013 0.018 0.055 0.060 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.110 0.155 0.075 0.095 0.000 0.020 0.125 0.130 0.890 0.895 0.245 0.255 0.230 0.250 0.310 0.349 5 10 5 10
MAX
MIN
0.023 0.065 0.010 0.015 0.155 0.115 0.020 0.135 0.900 0.265 0.270 0.387 15 15
MILLIMETERS NOM MAX 7.62 18 2.54 0.33 0.46 0.58 1.40 1.52 1.65 0.00 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.38 2.79 3.94 3.94 1.91 2.41 2.92 0.00 0.51 0.51 3.18 3.30 3.43 22.61 22.73 22.86 6.22 6.48 6.73 5.84 6.35 6.86 7.87 8.85 9.83 5 10 15 5 10 15
Dimension "B1" does not include dam-bar protrusions. Dam-bar protrusions shall not exceed 0.003" (0.076 mm) per side or 0.006" (0.152 mm) more than dimension "B1." Dimensions "D" and "E" do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010" (0.254 mm) per side or 0.020" (0.508 mm) more than dimensions "D" or "E."
DS40191A-page 74
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
Package Type: K04-051 18-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) - Wide, 300 mil
E1 p E
D
2 B n X 45 1
L R2
c A R1 Units Dimension Limits Pitch Number of Pins Overall Pack. Height Shoulder Height Standoff Molded Package Length Molded Package Width Outside Dimension Chamfer Distance Shoulder Radius Gull Wing Radius Foot Length Foot Angle Radius Centerline Lead Thickness Lower Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom
*
A1
L1
A2 MILLIMETERS NOM MAX 1.27 18 2.64 2.36 2.50 1.73 1.22 1.47 0.28 0.10 0.19 11.73 11.43 11.58 7.59 7.42 7.51 10.64 10.01 10.33 0.74 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.13 0.53 0.28 0.41 4 8 0 0.51 0.25 0.38 0.30 0.23 0.27 0.48 0.36 0.42 0 12 15 0 12 15
MIN p n A A1 A2 D E E1 X R1 R2 L L1 c B
INCHES* NOM 0.050 18 0.093 0.099 0.048 0.058 0.004 0.008 0.450 0.456 0.292 0.296 0.394 0.407 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.016 0.011 0 4 0.015 0.010 0.011 0.009 0.017 0.014 0 12 0 12
MAX
MIN
0.104 0.068 0.011 0.462 0.299 0.419 0.029 0.010 0.010 0.021 8 0.020 0.012 0.019 15 15
Controlling Parameter. Dimension "B" does not include dam-bar protrusions. Dam-bar protrusions shall not exceed 0.003" (0.076 mm) per side or 0.006" (0.152 mm) more than dimension "B." Dimensions "D" and "E" do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010" (0.254 mm) per side or 0.020" (0.508 mm) more than dimensions "D" or "E."
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 75
PIC16CR54C
Package Type: K04-072 20-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outine (SS) - 5.30 mm
E1 E p
D
B n
2 1 L R2
c
A A1 R1 L1 A2
Units Dimension Limits Pitch Number of Pins Overall Pack. Height Shoulder Height Standoff Molded Package Length Molded Package Width Outside Dimension Shoulder Radius Gull Wing Radius Foot Length Foot Angle Radius Centerline Lead Thickness Lower Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom
*
MIN p n A A1 A2 D E E1 R1 R2 L L1 c B
INCHES NOM 0.026 20 0.073 0.068 0.036 0.026 0.005 0.002 0.283 0.278 0.208 0.205 0.306 0.301 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.015 0 4 0.005 0.000 0.007 0.005 0.012 0.010 0 5 0 5
MAX
MIN
0.078 0.046 0.008 0.289 0.212 0.311 0.010 0.010 0.025 8 0.010 0.009 0.015 10 10
MILLIMETERS* NOM MAX 0.65 20 1.73 1.86 1.99 0.66 0.91 1.17 0.05 0.13 0.21 7.07 7.20 7.33 5.20 5.29 5.38 7.65 7.78 7.90 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.51 0.64 8 0 4 0.00 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.32 0.38 0 5 10 0 5 10
Controlling Parameter. Dimension "B" does not include dam-bar protrusions. Dam-bar protrusions shall not exceed 0.003" (0.076 mm) per side or 0.006" (0.152 mm) more than dimension "B." Dimensions "D" and "E" do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010" (0.254 mm) per side or 0.020" (0.508 mm) more than dimensions "D" or "E."
DS40191A-page 76
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
APPENDIX A: COMPATIBILITY
To convert code written for PIC16CXX to PIC16C5X, the user should take the following steps: 1. Check any CALL, GOTO or instructions that modify the PC to determine if any program memory page select operations (PA2, PA1, PA0 bits) need to be made. Revisit any computed jump operations (write to PC or add to PC, etc.) to make sure page bits are set properly under the new scheme. Eliminate any special function register page switching. Redefine data variables to reallocate them. Verify all writes to STATUS, OPTION, and FSR registers since these have changed. Change reset vector to proper value for processor used. Remove any use of the ADDLW and SUBLW instructions. Rewrite any code segments that use interrupts.
2.
3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 77
PIC16CR54C
NOTES:
DS40191A-page 78
Preliminary
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
INDEX A
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................... 53 ALU ...................................................................................... 9 Applications .......................................................................... 5 Architectural Overview ......................................................... 9 Assembler MPASM Assembler ............................................................ 50
M
MCLR ................................................................................ 29 Memory Map ...................................................................... 13 PIC16C54s/CR54s/C55s ................................................... 13 Memory Organization ........................................................ 13 Data Memory ..................................................................... 13 Program Memory ............................................................... 13 MP-DriveWayTM - Application Code Generator ................. 51 MPLAB C ........................................................................... 51 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software ... 50
B
Block Diagram On-Chip Reset Circuit ........................................................ 29 PIC16CR54C Series Block Diagram .................................. 10 Timer0 ................................................................................ 21 TMR0/WDT Prescaler ........................................................ 24 Watchdog Timer ................................................................. 33 Brown-Out Protection Circuit ............................................. 34
O
One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices ............................7 OPTION Register .............................................................. 16 OSC selection .................................................................... 25 Oscillator Configurations ................................................... 26 Oscillator Types HS ...................................................................................... 26 LP ...................................................................................... 26 RC ..................................................................................... 26 XT ...................................................................................... 26
C
Carry bit ............................................................................... 9 Clocking Scheme ............................................................... 12 Code Protection ........................................................... 25, 35 Configuration Bits ............................................................... 25 Configuration Word ............................................................ 25 PIC16CR54C ..................................................................... 25
P
Package Marking Information ............................................ 73 Packaging Information ....................................................... 73 PC ................................................................................ 17, 29 PIC16CR54C Product Identification System ..................... 83 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demo Board .................... 49 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demo Board .................. 50 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demo Board ............... 50 PICMASTER(R) In-Circuit Emulator .................................... 49 PICSTART(R) Plus Entry Level Development System ........ 49 Pin Configurations ................................................................1 Pinout Description - PIC16CR54C .................................... 11 POR Device Reset Timer (DRT) .......................................... 25, 32 PD ................................................................................ 28, 34 Power-On Reset (POR) ......................................... 25, 29, 30 TO ................................................................................ 28, 34 PORTA ........................................................................ 19, 29 PORTB ........................................................................ 19, 29 Power-Down Mode ............................................................ 35 Prescaler ........................................................................... 24 PRO MATE(R) II Universal Programmer ............................. 49 Program Counter ............................................................... 17
D
DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16CR54C ....................... 63 DC Characteristics ............................................................. 54 Development Support ........................................................ 49 Development Tools ............................................................ 49 Device Varieties ................................................................... 7 Digit Carry bit ....................................................................... 9
E
Electrical Characteristics PIC16CR54C ..................................................................... 53 External Power-On Reset Circuit ....................................... 30
F
Family of Devices PIC16C5X ............................................................................ 6 Features ............................................................................... 1 FSR .................................................................................... 29 FSR Register ..................................................................... 18 Fuzzy Logic Dev. System (fuzzyTECH(R)-MP) ................... 51
Q
Q cycles ............................................................................. 12 Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices ......................7
I
I/O Interfacing .................................................................... 19 I/O Ports ............................................................................. 19 I/O Programming Considerations ....................................... 20 ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16CXXX In-Circuit Emulator ........... 49 INDF ................................................................................... 29 INDF Register .................................................................... 18 Indirect Data Addressing .................................................... 18 Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 12 Instruction Flow/Pipelining ................................................. 12 Instruction Set Summary .................................................... 37
R
RC Oscillator ..................................................................... 27 Read Only Memory (ROM) Devices .....................................7 Read-Modify-Write ............................................................. 20 Register File Map .............................................................. 13 Registers Special Function ................................................................ 13 Reset ........................................................................... 25, 28 Reset on Brown-Out .......................................................... 34
K
KeeLoq(R) Evaluation and Programming Tools ................... 51
S
SEEVAL(R) Evaluation and Programming System ............. 51 Serialized Quick-Turnaround-Production (SQTP) Devices ..7 SLEEP ......................................................................... 25, 35 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM) ..................................... 51 Special Features of the CPU ............................................. 25
L
Loading of PC .................................................................... 17
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS40191A-page 79
PIC16CR54C
Special Function Registers ................................................ 13 Stack .................................................................................. 17 STATUS ............................................................................. 29 STATUS Register ........................................................... 9, 15
T
Timer0 Switching Prescaler Assignment ........................................ 24 Timer0 (TMR0) Module ...................................................... 21 TMR0 with External Clock .................................................. 23 Timing Diagrams and Specifications .................................. 57 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions .......... 56 TRIS Registers ................................................................... 19
U
UV Erasable Devices ........................................................... 7
W
W ........................................................................................ 29 Wake-up from SLEEP ........................................................ 35 Watchdog Timer (WDT) ............................................... 25, 32 Period ................................................................................. 32 Programming Considerations ............................................. 32
Z
Zero bit ................................................................................. 9
DS40191A-page 80
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site. The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site.
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line
The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-602-786-7302 for the rest of the world.
980106
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to attach to: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp://ftp.futureone.com/pub/microchip The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products * Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more * Listing of seminars and events
Trademarks: The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICSTART, PICMASTER and PRO MATE are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. PICmicro, FlexROM, MPLAB and fuzzyLAB are trademarks and SQTP is a service mark of Microchip in the U.S.A.
fuzzyTECH is a registered trademark of Inform Software Corporation. IBM, IBM PC-AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Windows is a trademark and MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe Incorporated.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS40191A-page 81
PIC16CR54C
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (602) 786-7578. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent
From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: PIC16CR54C Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS40191A FAX: (______) _________ - _________
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products?
DS40191A-page 82
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16CR54C
PIC16CR54C PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device -XX X /XX Package XXX Pattern Examples: a) PIC16CR54C -04/P 301 = Commercial temp., PDIP package, 4MHz, normal VDD limitis, pattern #301. PIC16CR54C - 20I/P355 = ROM program memory, Industrial temp., PDIP package, 20MHz, normal VDD limits.
Frequency Temperature Range Range
Device Frequency Range Temperature Range Package
PIC16CR54C(2), PIC16CR54CT(3) 04 20 C b(1) I P SO SS = 4 MHz = 20 MHz = 0C to = -40C to +70C +85C (Commercial) (Industrial)
b)
= PDIP = SOIC (Gull Wing, 300 mil body) = SSOP (209 mil body)
Pattern
3-digit Pattern Code for ROM (blank otherwise)
Note 1: b = blank 2: CR = ROM Version, Standard VDD range 3: T = in tape and reel - SOIC, SSOP packages only.
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40191A-page 83
M
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
Corporate Office
Microchip Technology Inc. 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 602-786-7200 Fax: 602-786-7277 Technical Support: 602 786-7627 Web: http://www.microchip.com
ASIA/PACIFIC
Hong Kong
Microchip Asia Pacific RM 3801B, Tower Two Metroplaza 223 Hing Fong Road Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong Tel: 852-2-401-1200 Fax: 852-2-401-3431
ASIA/PACIFIC (continued)
Taiwan, R.O.C
Microchip Technology Taiwan 10F-1C 207 Tung Hua North Road Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139
Atlanta
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India
Microchip Technology Inc. India Liaison Office No. 6, Legacy, Convent Road Bangalore 560 025, India Tel: 91-80-229-0061 Fax: 91-80-229-0062
EUROPE
United Kingdom
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44-1189-21-5858 Fax: 44-1189-21-5835
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Microchip Technology Inc. 5 Mount Royal Avenue Marlborough, MA 01752 Tel: 508-480-9990 Fax: 508-480-8575
Japan
Microchip Technology Intl. Inc. Benex S-1 6F 3-18-20, Shinyokohama Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 222-0033 Japan Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122
France
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Microchip Technology Inc. 333 Pierce Road, Suite 180 Itasca, IL 60143 Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075
Korea
Microchip Technology Korea 168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku Seoul, Korea Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934
Germany
Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH Gustav-Heinemann-Ring 125 D-81739 Muchen, Germany Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Dallas
Microchip Technology Inc. 14651 Dallas Parkway, Suite 816 Dallas, TX 75240-8809 Tel: 972-991-7177 Fax: 972-991-8588
Shanghai
Microchip Technology RM 406 Shanghai Golden Bridge Bldg. 2077 Yan'an Road West, Hong Qiao District Shanghai, PRC 200335 Tel: 86-21-6275-5700 Fax: 86 21-6275-5060
Italy
Arizona Microchip Technology SRL Centro Direzionale Colleoni Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-39-6899939 Fax: 39-39-6899883 4/3/98
Dayton
Microchip Technology Inc. Two Prestige Place, Suite 150 Miamisburg, OH 45342 Tel: 937-291-1654 Fax: 937-291-9175
Los Angeles
Microchip Technology Inc. 18201 Von Karman, Suite 1090 Irvine, CA 92612 Tel: 714-263-1888 Fax: 714-263-1338
Singapore
Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd. 200 Middle Road #07-02 Prime Centre Singapore 188980 Tel: 65-334-8870 Fax: 65-334-8850
New York
Microchip Technology Inc. 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 202 Hauppauge, NY 11788 Tel: 516-273-5305 Fax: 516-273-5335
San Jose
Microchip Technology Inc. 2107 North First Street, Suite 590 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: 408-436-7950 Fax: 408-436-7955
Toronto
Microchip Technology Inc. 5925 Airport Road, Suite 200 Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1W1, Canada Tel: 905-405-6279 Fax: 905-405-6253
Microchip received ISO 9001 Quality System certification for its worldwide headquarters, design, and wafer fabrication facilities in January, 1997. Our field-programmable PICmicroTM 8-bit MCUs, Serial EEPROMs, related specialty memory products and development systems conform to the stringent quality standards of the International Standard Organization (ISO).
All rights reserved. (c) 1998, Microchip Technology Incorporated, USA. 4/98
Printed on recycled paper.
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended for suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
DS40191A-page 84
(c) 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

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